ABSTRACT
The main manifestations of COVID-19 are primarily interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure. No less than 20% of patients have variable skin rashes, which try to be interpreted as markers and predictors of the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection. In addition, hair loss is a characteristic manifestation of COVID-19, and the salivary follicles are regarded as a target for SARS-CoV-2. The most common variants of alopecia in patients with a new coronavirus infection or vaccine-induced alopecia are acute telogenic, nondescript, and androgenetic alopecia. This review provides information on the most common variants of hair loss in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the features of their manifestations, and possible mechanisms of development. Acute telogenic hair loss is the most common variant of SARS-CoV-2-induced alopecia, is characteristic of patients with subacute course of COVID-19 and can be combined with trichodynia, anosmia and aguvia, which are markers of nervous system damage. Given the variability in the time of onset after infection, a heterogeneous pathogenesis of alopecia can be assumed. Nested alo-pecia after COVID-19 is often a relapse of the disease, its severity and frequency do not correlate with the severity of the infectious disease, and its prevalence in women indicates the importance of hormonal factors in its development. Androgenetic alopecia may be a predictor of high risk of infection, severe course, and recurrence of COVID-19. The first two variants of alopecia may be associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and the latter is a predictor of inadequate immune response to vaccine administration. The mechanisms of the damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 on hair follicles have not been fully deciphered and are most likely complex, with different leading links in different types of hair loss. Deciphering these mechanisms may provide prerequisites for understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 damage to other tissues and organs. © Smirnova I.O. 2023.
ABSTRACT
The main manifestations of COVID-19 are primarily interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure. No less than 20% of patients have variable skin rashes, which try to be interpreted as markers and predictors of the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection. In addition, hair loss is a characteristic manifestation of COVID-19, and the salivary follicles are regarded as a target for SARS-CoV-2. The most common variants of alopecia in patients with a new coronavirus infection or vaccine-induced alopecia are acute telogenic, nondescript, and androgenetic alopecia. This review provides information on the most common variants of hair loss in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the features of their manifestations, and possible mechanisms of development. Acute telogenic hair loss is the most common variant of SARS-CoV-2-induced alopecia, is characteristic of patients with subacute course of COVID-19 and can be combined with trichodynia, anosmia and aguvia, which are markers of nervous system damage. Given the variability in the time of onset after infection, a heterogeneous pathogenesis of alopecia can be assumed. Nested alo-pecia after COVID-19 is often a relapse of the disease, its severity and frequency do not correlate with the severity of the infectious disease, and its prevalence in women indicates the importance of hormonal factors in its development. Androgenetic alopecia may be a predictor of high risk of infection, severe course, and recurrence of COVID-19. The first two variants of alopecia may be associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and the latter is a predictor of inadequate immune response to vaccine administration. The mechanisms of the damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 on hair follicles have not been fully deciphered and are most likely complex, with different leading links in different types of hair loss. Deciphering these mechanisms may provide prerequisites for understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 damage to other tissues and organs. © Smirnova I.O. 2023.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aimed to define and clarify the concept of colleague solidarity experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A hybrid model method was used to investigate the dimensions, attributes, and definitions of the concept. In the theoretical phase, 20 articles selected through literature review by including nursing and related disciplines were analyzed. For the fieldwork phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine nurses who took care of infected patients with COVID-19 at Infectious Diseases Specialized Hospital. Results: The dimensions identified were consistently observed in the field phase, however, more attributes were found newly from the fieldwork phase. In the final phase, the concept of colleague solidarity among the nurses was found to have three dimensions with nine attributes. The interaction dimension had four attributes as voluntary support, mutual respect, open communication, and virtuous circle. The motivation dimension had two attributes of sense of communion and calling. Lastly, the relationship dimension had three attributes of unity, mutually equal relationship, and comradeship. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in observing how the concept of colleague solidarity, which is relatively unfamiliar to domestic nurses, appears in the clinical field during a national crisis and analyzing the concept. © 2021 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
ABSTRACT
This study examines the experiences of academic library instructors when shifting from primarily in-person to primarily online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 20-question survey was distributed to academic and medical librarian listservs. Questions asked 244 participants about various aspects of their experiences providing library instruction during the pandemic. Results indicated that most respondents experienced a successful transition to online instruction during, though many found the experience challenging. Open-ended responses revealed areas where instructors felt online instruction was more effective than in-person instruction, and areas where they felt it was not. Many instructors indicated an intention to continue to provide online instruction options into the future. Based on these survey results, a few key areas of recommendation are proposed where academic libraries can better prepare their instruction librarians for future emergent situations.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the actual situation of mask wearing by adults in the early stages of the coronavirus epidemic and to identify factors that influence the transition to mask wearing and establish a management plan for more effective infectious disease prevention. Methods: This study was a multinational study conducted in ten countries. Data collected in Korea were analyzed. Adults over the age of 18 in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were targeted, and data for 657 adults were analyzed. Results: The average score for mask-wearing compliance was 16.25, ranging from 0 to 24. There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression, as well as anxiety and mask-wearing compliance. There was a significant negative correlation between depression and mask-wearing compliance. Multiple linear regression revealed that mask-wearing compliance was predicted by levels of the anxiety, depression, and education. These explanatory variables explaining the dependent variable mask-wearing compliance was 12%. Conclusion: To identify and improve factors influencing mask-wearing compliance, general characteristics including educational background of participants were identified. Psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression should also be considered. In addition, as the level of anxiety and depression will differ for each person, differentiated interventions according to psychological state should be provided. © Journal of Cognition 2021.